Windows Network Drive (WND)
Introduction
The External Storage: Windows Network Drives app creates a control panel in your Admin page for seamlessly integrating Windows and Samba/CIFS shared network drives as external storages.
Any Windows file share and Samba servers on Linux and other Unix-type operating systems use the SMB/CIFS file-sharing protocol. The files and directories on the SMB/CIFS server will be visible on your Files page just like your other ownCloud files and folders.
They are labeled with a little four-pane Windows-style icon, and the left pane of your Files page includes a Windows Network Drive filter. Figure 1 shows a new Windows Network Drive share marked with red warnings.
These indicate that ownCloud cannot connect to the share because it requires the user to login, it is not available, or there is an error in the configuration.
For more information on SMB/CIFS in ownCloud, refer to the Samba file server configuration documentation. |
If you encounter errors with NT_STATUS_REVISION_MISMATCH , please get in touch with support@owncloud.com.
|
Files are synchronized bi-directionally, and you can create, upload, and delete files and folders. ownCloud server admins can create Windows Network Drive mounts and optionally allow users to set up their own personal Windows Network Drive mounts.
Depending on the authentication method, passwords for each mount are encrypted and stored in the ownCloud
database, using a long random secret key stored in config.php
, which allows ownCloud to access the shares
when the users who own the mounts are not logged in. Or, passwords are not stored and available only for
the current session, which adds security.
Installation
Install the External Storage: Windows Network Drives app from the ownCloud Market App or ownCloud Marketplace. To make it work, a few dependencies have to be installed.
-
A Samba client. This is included in all Linux distributions. On Debian, Ubuntu, and other Debian derivatives it is called
smbclient
. On SUSE, Red Hat, CentOS, and other Red Hat derivatives it issamba-client
. -
php-smbclient
(version 0.8.0+). It should be included in most Linux distributions. You can use eduardok/libsmbclient-php, if your distribution does not provide it. -
which
andstdbuf
. These should be included in most Linux distributions.
Example
Assuming that your ownCloud installation is on Ubuntu, then the following commands will install the required dependencies:
# Install core packages
sudo apt-get update -y
sudo apt-get install -y smbclient php-smbclient coreutils
Other method using PECL is:
# Install php-smbclient using PECL
sudo pecl install smbclient
# Install it from source
git clone git://github.com/eduardok/libsmbclient-php.git
cd libsmbclient-php ; phpize
./configure
make
sudo make install
Regardless of the method you use, remember to check if an smbclient.ini file exists in
extension="smbclient.so" |
If so, then make it available via by running the following command:
sudo phpenmod -v ALL smbclient
Configuration
Enabling External Storage
To enable external storage go to
, as the ownCloud administrator. Tick the checkbox to enable external storage.Creating a New Share
When you create a new WND share you need three things:
-
The login credentials for the share
-
The server address, the share name; and
-
The folder you want to connect to
Treat all the parameters as being case-sensitive.
Although some parts of the app might work properly, regardless of case, other parts might have problems if case isn’t respected. |
-
Enter the ownCloud mount point for your new WND share. This must not be an existing folder.
-
Then select your authentication method; See enterprise_only_auth for complete information on the five available authentication methods.
-
Enter the address of the server that contains the WND share.
-
The Windows share name.
-
The root folder of the share. This is the folder name, or the
$user
variable for user’s home directories. Note that the LDAPInternal Username Attribute
must be set to thesamaccountname
for either the share or the root to work, and the user’s home directory needs to match thesamaccountname
. (See User Authentication with LDAP.) -
Login credentials.
-
Select users or groups with access to the share. The default is all users.
-
Click the gear icon for additional mount options. Note that previews are enabled by default, while sharing is not (see figure 2). Sharing is not available for all authorization methods; see enterprise_only_auth. For large storages with many files, you may want to disable previews, because this can significantly increase performance.
Your changes are saved automatically.
When you create a new mountpoint using Login credentials, you must log out of ownCloud and then log back in so you can access the share. You only have to do this the first time. |
Permission Manager
From version 1.0.1 the Windows Network Drives App supports Access Control Lists (ACLs). To obtain ACL information, it supports two ACL providers:

On standard deployments, you don’t need to change anything. Just leave the field empty and the default permission manager will be used.
Regardless of which provider you choose, an ownCloud administrator should run a files:scan, manually, after changing the configuration, to update the permissions correctly. Otherwise, the permissions shown by ownCloud might be incorrect.
Permissions are only auto-updated if there has been a change in the files. |
The Null Permission Manager
The Null Permission Manager
is the default permission manager for ACLs and is used, if no other ACL
manager is specified. This is also the case, when no permission is explicitly set. If you want to retain
ownCloud’s current behaviour, then use this permission manager. When in effect, the Windows Network Drive
app uses a file’s attributes (e.g., read-only, and hidden), to determine how the user can interact with
the file. There are no usage restrictions.
The value to use for this provider is: nullPermissionManager
.
The ownCloud LDAP Permission Manager
The ownCloud LDAP Permission Manager evaluates ACLs in files along with file attributes to determine the permissions. In order to evaluate the ACLs, it needs access to the user and group membership information of the target Windows or Samba server, so it uses the ownCloud’s user_ldap app for this.
Both the Windows (or Samba) server and ownCloud’s user_ldap app must connect to the same Active Directory server so that ownCloud can retrieve the same user and group information. |
To use this provider requires two key things:
-
An Active Directory server which contains the standard user and group information that can be used by ownCloud’s LDAP app.
-
ownCloud’s LDAP app to be correctly configured to retrieve user and group information from the same Active Directory server as the one that the Windows (or Samba) server uses.
The ownCloud LDAP apps must configure the sAMAccountName to be the ownCloud server’s username.
|
Some groups, such as "everyone" might not be handled properly.
This is because such groups don’t exist in the LDAP server, or might not be found if the domain is
different, such as |
The value to use for this provider is: ocLdapPermissionManager
.
Windows Network Drive Listener
ownCloud requires at least Samba version 4.7.8 or Samba 4.8.1 on the ownCloud server, when:
The Windows Network Drive Listener only supports version 1 of the SMB protocol with earlier Samba versions. Here’s Why A Samba server, often a Microsoft Windows Server, can enforce the minimum and maximum protocol versions used by connecting clients. However, in light of the WannaCry ransomware attack, Microsoft patched Windows Server to only allow SMB2 protocol by default (as SMB1 is insecure). The ownCloud windows network drive listener utilizes the SMB notification feature which works well with SMB1 in conjunction with most Samba versions. However, when the minimum protocol a server accepts is SMB2, ownCloud require Samba 4.7.8+ (4.8+ etc.) to be able to properly work, as prior versions of Samba had a bug that break this feature. |
The SMB protocol supports registering for notifications of file changes on remote Windows SMB storage
servers. Notifications are more efficient than polling for changes, as polling requires scanning the whole
SMB storage. ownCloud supports SMB notifications with an occ
command,
occ wnd:listen
.
The capability of the listener depends on the ability of the used SMB/CIFS storage backend to provide notifications. While Windows file servers have no limitations, some vendors may have restrictions. Please check these with your storage provider. It may be possible, that notifications for Samba only work for the target folder you’re listening to, but not for any sub structures. If you’re listening on the "/top" folder, you may not receive notifications for "/top/middle/bottom" folder. In this case, you have to setup listeners for every existing folder and also for any new folders that will be created. With Windows file servers, you will receive notifications for every file or subfolder inside the folder you’re listening to. |
Your smbclient
version needs to be 4.x, as older versions do not support notifications. The ownCloud
server needs to know about changes to files on integrated storage so that the changed files will be synced
to the ownCloud server, and to desktop sync clients.
Files changed through the ownCloud Web Interface, or sync clients are automatically updated in the ownCloud file cache, but this is not possible when files are changed directly on remote SMB storage mounts.
To create a new SMB notification, start a listener on your ownCloud server with occ wnd:listen
. The
listener marks changed files, and a background job updates the file metadata.
Setting Up the WND Listener
The WND listener for ownCloud 10 includes two different commands that need to be executed:
wnd:listen
This command listens and stores notifications in the database coming from one specific host and share. It is intended to be run as a service. The command requires the host and share, which the listener will listen to, and the Windows/Samba account that will listen. The command does not produce any output by default, unless errors happen.
You can increase the command’s verbosity by using -vvv . Doing so displays what the listener is
doing, including a timestamp and the notifications received. Although the exact permissions required for
the Windows account are unknown, read-only should be enough.
|
The simplest way to start the wnd:listen
process manually, perhaps for initial testing, is as follows
sudo -u www-data php occ wnd:listen <host> <share> <username>
The password is an optional parameter and you’ll be asked for it if you
didn’t provide it, as in the example above. In order to start
wnd:listen
without any user interaction, provide the password from
a password file.
sudo -u www-data php occ wnd:listen <host> <share> <username> \
--password-file=/my/secret/password/file --password-trim
For additional options to provide the password, check Password Options
Note, that the password must be in plain text inside the file, and neither spaces nor newline characters will be
removed from the file by default, unless the --pasword-trim
option is added. The password file must be readable
by the apache user (or www-data). Also make sure that the password file is outside of any directory handled
by apache (web-readable).
You should be able to run any of those commands, and/or wrap them into a systemd service or any other
startup service, so that the wnd:listen
command is automatically started during boot, if you need it.
wnd:process-queue
This command processes the stored notifications for a given host and share. This process is intended to
be run periodically as a Cron job, or via a similar mechanism. The command will process the notifications
stored by the wnd:listen
process, showing only errors by default. If you need more information, increase
the verbosity by calling wnd:process-queue -vvv
.
As a simple example, you can check the following:
sudo -u www-data php occ wnd:process-queue <host> <share>
You can run that command, even if there are no notifications to be processed.
As said, you can wrap that command in a Cron job so it’s run every 5 minutes for example.
WND Listener Configuration
Create a service for systemd following the instructions below that checks the share for changes:
-
For each WND mount point distinguished by a SERVER - SHARE pair:
-
Place one copy of a file with following content under
/etc/systemd/system/owncloud-wnd-listen-SERVER-SHARE.service
-
Replace the all upper case words
SERVER
,SHARE
,USER
andPASSWORD
in both, the filename and in the contents below with their respective values. -
Take care to also adjust the paths in
WorkingDirectory
andExecStart
according to your installation. -
Password: Create a file readable only by the www-data and outside the directories handled by apache (let’s suppose in /tmp/mypass). The file must contain only the password for the share. In this example our file is: "/tmp/mypass". The listener will read the contents of the file and use them as the password for the account. This way, only root and the apache user should have access to the password.
-
"--password-trim" removes blank characters from the password file added by 3rdparty software or other services.
[Unit] Description=ownCloud WND Listener for SERVER SHARE After=syslog.target After=network.target Requires=apache2.service [Service] User=www-data Group=www-data WorkingDirectory=/var/www/owncloud ExecStart=/usr/bin/php ./occ wnd:listen -vvv SERVER SHARE USER --password-file=/tmp/mypass --password-trim Type=simple StandardOutput=journal StandardError=journal SyslogIdentifier=%n KillMode=process RestartSec=3 Restart=always [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
-
-
Run the following command, once for each created file:
sudo systemctl enable owncloud-wnd-listen-SERVER-SHARE.service sudo systemctl start owncloud-wnd-listen-SERVER-SHARE.service
WND Process Queue Configuration
Create or add a crontab
file in /etc/cron.d/oc-wnd-process-queue
.
-
Make a
crontab
entry to run a script iterating over allSERVER SHARE
pairs with an appropriateocc wnd:process-queue
command. The commands must be strictly sequential. This can be done by usingflock -n
and tuning the-c
parameter ofocc wnd:process-queue
* * * * * sudo -u www-data /usr/bin/php /var/www/owncloud/occ wnd:process-queue <HOST> <SHARE>
Execution Serialization
Parallel runs of wnd:process-queue
might lead to a user lockout. The reason for this is that several
wnd:process-queue
might use the same wrong password because it hasn’t been updated by the time they fetch it.
It’s recommended to force the execution serialization of the wnd:process-queue
command. You might want to
use Anacron, which seems to have an option for this scenario, or wrap the command with
flock.
If you need to serialize the execution of the wnd:process-queue
, check the following example with
flock
flock -n /my/lock/file sudo -u www-data php occ wnd:process-queue <host> <share>
In that case, flock will try get the lock of that file and won’t run the command if it isn’t possible. For
our case, and considering that file isn’t being used by any other process, it will run only one
wnd:process-queue
at a time. If someone tries to run the same command a second time while the previous
one is running, the second will fail and won’t be executed. Check flock’s documentation
for details and other options.
Troubleshooting
If you encounter issues using Windows network drive, then try the following troubleshooting steps:
First check the connection to the share by using smbclient on the command line of the ownCloud server. Here is an example:
smbclient -U Username -L //Servername
Take the example of attempting to connect to the share named MyData
using occ wnd:listen
.
Running the following command would work:
sudo -u www-data php occ wnd:listen MyHost MyData svc_owncloud password
The command is case sensitive, and that it must match the information from the mount point configuration. |
libsmbclient Issues
If your Linux distribution ships with libsmbclient 3.x
, which is included in the Samba client, you may
need to set up the HOME
variable in Apache to prevent a segmentation fault. If you have
libsmbclient 4.1.6
and higher it doesn’t seem to be an issue, so you won’t have to change your HOME
variable. To set up the HOME
variable on Ubuntu, modify the /etc/apache2/envvars
file:
unset HOME export HOME=/var/www
In Red Hat/CentOS, modify the /etc/sysconfig/httpd
file and add the following line to set the HOME
variable in Apache:
export HOME=/usr/share/httpd
By default, CentOS has activated SELinux, and the httpd
process can not make outgoing network connections.
This will cause problems with the curl
, ldap
and samba
libraries. You’ll need to get around this
to make this work. First, check the status:
getsebool -a | grep httpd
httpd_can_network_connect --> off
Then enable support for network connections:
setsebool -P httpd_can_network_connect 1
In openSUSE, modify the /usr/sbin/start_apache2
file:
export HOME=/var/lib/apache2
Restart Apache, open your ownCloud Admin page and start creating SMB/CIFS mounts.
Basic Setup for One ownCloud Server
First, go to the admin settings and set up the required WND mounts. Be aware though, that there are some limitations. These are:
-
We need access to the Windows account password for the mounts to update the file cache properly. This means that "login credentials, saved in session" won’t work with the listener. "login credentials, saved in DB" should work and could be the best replacement.
-
The
$user
placeholder in the share, such as//host/$user/path/to/root
, for providing a share which is accessible per/user won’t work with the listener. This is because the listener won’t scale, as you’ll need to setup one listener per/share. As a result, you’ll end up with too many listeners. An alternative is to provide a common share for the users and use the$user
placeholder in the root, such as//host/share/$user/folder
.
Second, start the wnd:listen
process if it’s not already started, ideally running it as a service.
If it isn’t running, no notification are stored. The listener stores the notifications. Any change in the
mount point configuration, such as adding or removing new mounts, and logins by new users, won’t affect
the behavior, so there is no need to restart the listener in those cases.
In case you have several mount point configurations, note that each listener attaches to one host and share.
If there are several mount configurations targeting different shares, you’ll need to spawn one listener
for each. For example, if you have one configuration with 10.0.0.2/share1
and another with
10.0.0.2/share2
, you’ll need to spawn 2 listeners, one for the first configuration and another for the
second.
Third, run the wnd:process-queue
periodically, usually via
a Cron job.
The command processes all the stored notifications for a specific host and share. If you have several,
you could set up several Cron jobs, one for each host and share with different intervals, depending on the
load or update urgency. As a simple example, you could run the command every 2 minutes for one server
and every 5 minutes for another.
As said, the command processes all the stored notifications, squeeze them and scan the resulting folders.
The process might crash if there are too many notifications, or if it has too many storages to update. The
--chunk-size
option will help by making the command process all the notifications in buckets of that size.
On the one hand the memory usage is reduced, on the other hand there is more network activity. We recommend using the option with a value high enough to process a large number of notifications, but not so large to crash the process. Between 200 and 500 should be fine, and we’ll likely process all the notifications in one go.
Password Options
There are several ways to supply a password:
-
Interactively in response to a password prompt.
sudo -u www-data php occ wnd:listen <host> <share> <username>
-
Sent as a parameter to the command.
sudo -u www-data php occ wnd:listen <host> <share> <username> <password>
-
Read from a file, using the
--password-file
switch to specify the file to read from. Note, that the password must be in plain text inside the file, and neither spaces nor newline characters will be removed from the file by default, unless the--pasword-trim
option is added. The password file must be readable by the apache user (or www-data)sudo -u www-data php occ wnd:listen <host> <share> <username> \ --password-file=/my/secret/password/file
sudo -u www-data php occ wnd:listen <host> <share> <username> \ --password-file=/my/secret/password/file --password-trim
If you use the --password-file switch, the entire contents of the file will be used for the
password, so please be careful with newlines.
|
If using --password-file make sure that the file is only readable by the apache /
www-data user and inaccessible from the web. This prevents tampering or leaking of the information.
The password won’t be leaked to any other user using ps .
|
-
Using 3rd party software to store and fetch the password. When using this option, the 3rd party app needs to show the password as plaintext on standard output.
Reduce WND Notifier Memory Usage
The WND in-memory notifier for password changes provides the ability to notify all affected WND storages to reset their passwords.
This feature is intended to prevent a password lockout for the user in the backend. However, this
functionality can consume a significant amount of memory. To disable it, in one of the
config/config.php.
files, add the following configuration:
'wnd.in_memory_notifier.enable' => false,
The password will be reset on the next request, regardless of the flag setting. |
3rd Party Software Examples
cat /tmp/plainpass | sudo -u www-data php occ wnd:listen <host> <share> <username> --password-file=-
This provides a bit more security because the /tmp/plainpass
password should be owned by root and only
root should be able to read the file (0400 permissions); Apache, particularly, shouldn’t be able to read it.
It’s expected that root will be the one to run this command.
base64 -d /tmp/encodedpass | \
sudo -u www-data php occ wnd:listen <host> <share> <username> --password-file=-
Similar to the previous example, but this time the contents are encoded in Base64 format (there’s not much security, but it has additional obfuscation).
Third party password managers can also be integrated. The only requirement is that they have to provide the password in plain text somehow. If not, additional operations might be required to get the password as plain text and inject it in the listener.
As an example:
-
You can use "pass" as a password manager.
-
You can go through http://xmodulo.com/manage-passwords-command-line-linux.html to setup the keyring for whoever will fetch the password (probably root) and then use something like the following
pass the-password-name | sudo -u www-data php occ wnd:listen <host> <share> <username> --password-file=-
Password Option Precedence
If both the argument and the option are passed, e.g.,
occ wnd:listen <host> <share> <username> <password> --password-file=/tmp/pass
,
then the --password-file
option will take precedence.
Optimizing wnd:process-queue
Do not use this option if the process-queue is fast enough. The option has some drawbacks, specifically regarding password changes in the backend. |
wnd:process-queue
creates all the storages that need to be updated from scratch. To do so, we need to
fetch all the users from all the backends (currently only the ones that have logged in at least once
because the others won’t have the storages that we’ll need updates).
To optimize this, wnd:process-queue
make use of two switches: –serializer-type
and –serializer-params
.
These serialize storages for later use, so that future executions don’t need to fetch the users, saving
precious time — especially for large organizations.
Switch | Allowed Values |
---|---|
|
|
|
Depends on |
While the specific behavior will depend on the serializer implementation, the overall behavior can be simplified as follows:
If the serializer’s data source (such as a file, a database table, or some Redis keys) has storage data, it uses that data to create the storages; otherwise, it creates the storages from scratch.
After the storages are created, notifications are processed for the storages. If the storages have been created from scratch, those storages are written in the data source so that they can be read on the next run.
It’s imperative to periodically clean up the data source to fetch fresh data, such as for new storages and updated passwords. There isn’t a generic command to do this from ownCloud, because it depends on the specific serializer type. Though this option could be provided at some point if requested. |
The File Serializer
The file serializer is a serializer implementation that can be used with the wnd:process-queue
command.
It requires an additional parameter where you can specify the location of the file containing the
serialized storages.
There are several things you should know about this serializer:
-
The generated file contains the encrypted passwords for accessing the backend. This is necessary in order to avoid re-fetching the user information, when next accessing the storages.
-
The generated file is intended to be readable and writable only for the web server user. Other users shouldn’t have access to this file. Do not manually edit the file. You can remove the file if it contains obsolete information.
Usage Recommendations
Number of Serializers
Only one file serializer should be used per server and share, as the serialized file has to be per server and share. Consider the following usage scenario:
-
If you have three shares:
10.0.2.2/share1
,10.0.2.2/share2
, and10.0.10.20/share2
, then you should use three different calls townd:process-queue
, changing the target file for the serializer for each one.
Since the serialized file has to be per server and share, the serialized file has some checks to prevent misuse. Specifically, if we detect you’re trying to read the storages for another server and share from the file, the contents of the file won’t be read and will fallback to creating the storage from scratch. At this point, we’ll then update the contents of that file with the new storage.
Doing so, though, creates unneeded competition, where several process-queue will compete for the serializer file. For example, let’s say that you have two process-queues targeting the same serializer file. After the first process creates the file the second process will notice that the file is no longer available. As a result, it will recreate the file with new content.
At this point the first process runs again and notices that the file isn’t available and recreate the file again. When this happens, the serializer file’s purpose isn’t fulfilled As a result, we recommend the use of a different file per server and share.
Interaction Between Listener and Windows Password Lockout
Windows supports password lockout policies. If one is enabled on the server where an ownCloud share is located, and a user fails to enter their password correctly several times, they may be locked out and unable to access the share.
This is a known issue
that prevents these two inter-operating correctly. Currently, the only viable solution is to ignore that
feature and use the wnd:listen
and wnd:process-queue
, without the serializer options.
Multiple Server Setup
Setups with several servers might have some difficulties in some scenarios:
-
The
wnd:listen
component might be duplicated among several servers. This shouldn’t cause a problem, depending on the limitations of the underlying database engine. The supported database engines should be able to handle concurrent access and de-duplication. -
The
wnd:process-queue
should also be able to run from any server, however limitations for concurrent executions still apply. As a result, you might need to serialized command execution of thewnd:process-queue
among the servers (to avoid for the password lockout), which might not be possible or difficult to achieve. You might want to execute the command from just one specific server in this case. -
wnd:process-queue
+ serializer. First, check the above section to know the interactions with the password lockout. Right now, the only option you have to set it up is to store the target file in a common location for all the server. We might need to provide a specific serializer for this scenario (based on Redis or DB)
Basic Command Execution Examples
sudo -u www-data php occ `wnd:listen` host share username password
sudo -u www-data php occ `wnd:process-queue` host share
sudo -u www-data php occ `wnd:process-queue` host share -c 500
sudo -u www-data php occ `wnd:process-queue` host share -c 500 \
--serializer-type file \
--serializer-params file=/opt/oc/store
sudo -u www-data php occ `wnd:process-queue` host2 share2 -c 500 \
--serializer-type File \
--serializer-params file=/opt/oc/store2
To set it up, make sure the listener is running as a system service:
sudo -u www-data php occ `wnd:listen` host share username password
Setup a Cron job or similar with something like the following two commands:
sudo -u www-data php occ wnd:process-queue host share -c 500 \
--serializer-type file \
--serializer-params file=/opt/oc/store1
sudo rm -f /opt/oc/store1 # With a different schedule
The first run will create the /opt/oc/store1
with the serialized storages, the rest of the executions
will use that file. The second Cron job, the one removing the file, will force the wnd:process-queue
to
refresh the data.
It’s intended to be run in a different schedule, so there are several executions of the wnd:process-queue
fetching the data from the file. Note that the file can be removed manually at any time if it’s needed
(for example, the admin has reset some passwords, or has been notified about password changing).